Figure 5: (a) Direct immunofluorescence using fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin M antibodies, showing positive staining in a case of bullous lichen planus; the arrow indicates cytoid bodies in the upper dermis (green staining; white arrows). In (b), The nuclei of keratinocytes are stained with To-pro 3 (in red); the cytoid bodies are also present (green staining; white arrow). In (c) We show direct immunofluorescence in case of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated immunoglobulin G autoantibodies on dermal side of the basement membrane zone (green staining; white arrow). In (b), the nuclei of the cells were stained with To-pro 3 (in red). Please notice that in (c and d), some staining is also seen on the upper dermal vessels (yellow arrows)